Silkworms are susceptible to a range of pathogenic diseases, which are primarily caused by protozoan, fungal, bacterial and viral agents. These infections can significantly impact the health and productivity of the silkworm population, thereby affecting silk cocoon quality and yield. Prevention of these diseases is very important to get stable cocoon crops. Many general disinfectants are used to disinfect the silkworm rearing house at famers as a precautionary measure. In the present study, assessment of widely accepted Astra, Sanitech, Bleaching powder and Formalin general disinfectants was conducted against mulberry silkworm diseases and its impact on FC1×FC2 bivoltine double hybrid rearing at farmer’s field level. The results revealed that, Bleaching powder solution sprayed rearing house batch has shown best results in minimum larval duration (22.06 days), 10 matured larval weight (45.3 g), highest shell ratio (22.62%), highest yield/ 100 DFLs (78 kg) and rate kg-1 cocoons (Rs. 513.00). Astra, Sanitech and Formalin sprayed silkworm rearing baches occupies second, third and fourth places, respectively. The clean water sprayed rearing batches have shown very poor cocoon qualitative and quantitative parameters. The bleaching power sprayed could able to suppress diseases intensity and maintained healthy environment because of which the silkworms were healthy. Based on the perusal of the results obtained, bleaching powder is suggested for the disinfection of the rearing houses.
Y. Praveen Reddy*
Dept. of Sericulture, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh (515 003), India
K.P. Kiran Kumar
Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh (515 722), India
Praveen Reddy, Y., Kiran Kumar, K.P., 2023. Assessment of general disinfectants against mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) diseases and its impact on FC1×FC2 bivoltine double hybrid at farmer’s field level. Innovative Farming 8(1), 01-09.
Anonymous, 1973. Silkworm Rearing Techniques in the Tropics. Overseas Technical Co-operation Agency, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 180-199.
Anonymous, 2002. Economic Survey of Maharashtra, 2001-2002. Directorate of Economic and Statistics, Maharashtra, India.
Anonymous, 2013. Highlights of Central Silk Board’s Activities. In: Annual Report 2011-2012. Central Silk Board (CSB), Bangalore, India.
Baig, M., Samson, M.V., Sharma, S.D., Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sasidharan, T.O., Jolly, M.S., 1993. Efficacy of certain bed disinfectants in different combinations against the nuclear polyhedrosis and white muscardine of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Sericologia 33(1), 53-63.
Chairman, K., Ranjit Singh, A.J.A., Amalarani, G., Padmalatha, C., Alagumuthu, G., 2012. Effect of marine extracts on the microbial pathogens causing flacherie in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(3 Suppl.), S1858-S1861. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60508-5.
Jawale, M.D., Tayade, D.S., 1987. Effect of certain bed disinfectants on the growth and disease control of silkworm (Bombyx mori L). Sericologia 27(23), 443-446.
Kaewwises, M., 2006. Potential application of PCR-based method for early detection of grasserie disease of silkworm, Bombyx mori. PhD Thesis, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. p. 238.
Sujatha, K., Rao, A.P., Sammaiah, C., 2007. Bioefficacy of Curcuma longa as bed disinfectant on biological parameters in silkworm Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The Asian Journal of Animal Science 2(1), 80-83.
Malik, G.N., Rufaie, S.Z., Baqual, M.F., Kamilli, A.S., Dar, H.U., 2006. Comparative performance of some bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori L. hybrids. Entomon 1, 61-64.
Manimegalai, S., Subramaniam, A., 2000. Efficacy of bed disinfectants and botanicals against grasserie disease of silkworm Bombyx mori L. In:
Proceeding of National Seminar on Technologies in Sericulture (NSTS) - 1999, Volume 4. (Eds.) Govindan, R., Chinnswamy, K.P., Krishnaprasad, N.K. and Reddy, D.N.R. UAS, Bangalore. pp. 338-340.
Manochaya, S., Kumar, J.J., 2010. Aspergillosis in silkworm. In: The Silkworm. Available at: http://silkwormmori.blogspot.com/2010/06/aspergillosis-in-silkworm.html. Accessed on: 25th September, 2022.
Rasool, S., Ganie, N.A., Wani, M.Y., Dar, K.A., Khan, I.L., Mehraj, S., 2018. Evaluation of a suitable silkworm bed disinfectant against silkworm diseases and survivability under temperate conditions of Kashmir. International Journal of Chemical Studies 6(1), 1571-1574.
Sisodia, N.S., Gaherwal, S., Jain, R., 2019. Determination of different diseases and preventive measures of mulberry silkworm. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences 6(4), 101-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrbs/v6i4.101104.
Sen, R., Patnaik, A.K., Maheswari, M., Datta, R.K., 1997. Susceptibility status of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) germplasm stocks in India to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Indian Journal of Sericulture 31(1), 51-54.
Sen, R., Nataraju, B., Selvakumar, T., Chandrasekharan, K., Thiagarajan, V., 2003. Relationship between the susceptibility of silkworm, Bombyx mori to densonucleosis and infectious flacherie virus infection. Indian Journal of Sericulture 42(1), 59-60.
Samson, M.V., Singh, R.N., Sasidharan, T.O., 1998. Resham Jyothi - A wide spectrum bed disinfectant. Indian Silk 37(3), 9-10.
Sivaprakasam, N., 1999. Botanical formulation for management of grasserie disease of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. In: Proceeding of the National Seminar on Tropical Sericulture. pp. 335-337.
Surapwar, P.H., Nalwandikar, P.K., Bhamare, V.K., Waghmare, Y.M., 2019. Effect of different bed disinfectants on economic traits of double hybrid mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). International Journal of Chemical Studies 7(5), 1855-1858.
Swathi, H.C., Vijayendra, M., Nagaraj, S.B., 2014. Revalidation of bed disinfectant practices followed by farmers in the rearing of silkworm Bombyx mori L. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7(1), 01-07.
Venugopal., Raghupathi, M., Raju, C.S., 2012. ‘Astra’ a user friendly compound to destroy the pathogenic microbes causing diseases to silkworm (Bombyx mori, L) in the rearing house and its impact on the rearing performance of new multi and bivolotine hybrids. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India 15(1), 169-173.