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<h3 style="text-align:justify">Coliform bacteria are commonly found in soil, on vegetation, and in surface water. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause illness. There are three different groups of coliform bacteria, total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli are all indicators of drinking water quality. E. coli is a sub-group of fecal coliform. Fecal coliform bacteria are a sub-group of the total coliform group. Important organisms are Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes. Among these organisms, E. coli and E. aerogenes are considered fecal coliforms as they are normal inhabitants of the lower abdominal tracts of humans and animals. The presence of fecal coliform in a drinking water sample often indicates recent fecal contamination - meaning that there is a greater risk that pathogens are present than if only total coliform bacteria are detected.</h3>

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International Organization for Standardization, 1990. Water Quality C Detection and Enumeration of Coliform Organisms, Thermotolerant Coliform Organisms and Presumptive Escherichia coli. Part 2: Multiple Tube (Most Probable Number) Method. International Standard ISO 9308-2, Geneva.

Moberg, L.J., M.K., Wagner, L.A., Kellen, 1988. Fluorogenic assay for rapid detection of Escherichia coli in chilled and frozen foods: collaborative. Pp. 589-602.

Ochman, H., Selander R.K., 1984. Standard reference strains of Escherichia coli from natural populations, pp. 690-693.

Sugumaran, M.P., Jeyashree P., 2018. Environmental Studies and Disaster Management, Department of Environmental Sciences, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India, pp. 77-80.

WHO (World Health Organization), 2009. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 3rd Ed., Vol. 1. Switzerland.