Background
Honeybees are wonderful minute winged creatures which have fascinated the humanity since the prehistoric times. Honey bees, Apis spp., are very important for our environment, economy and health. Beekeeping can be labour-intensive during certain times of the year. Working with bees requires a calm touch and cool nature. It also requires a basic understanding of the honey bees’ behaviour during the various seasons and during handling and moving. Moreover marketing of honey and other bee products can be trade e.g. beeswax, pollen, royal jelly, propolis, bee venom, or queens and pollination services to farmers and orchardists. It is well known that honey bee colonies reproduce by swarming, that means some workers move from the colony with virgin or mated queens to a new place. Then these workers cooperate together to build a new nest while the role of the queen is only for egg laying and pheromonal control (Winston, 1992).A honey bee colony is a population of related and closely interacting individuals that form a highly complex society.Bees are some of the hardest working creatures on the planet and because of their laborious. Bees are responsible for pollinating about one sixth of the flowering plant species Worldwide and approximately 400 different agricultural types of plant. The Apidae family is perhaps the most well-known family with familiar members such as the honeybee, carpenter bee, and bumblebee. All of these species obediently serve as pollinators of our agricultural World. All bees have stiff hairs and pockets on their legs, allowing them to collect more pollen and be more efficient transporters between plants.Full understanding of origin and distribution of bees is very crucial for understanding how and when these adaptations arose. Understanding the evolutionary relationships of these bees would provide a basis for behavioural studies.
Dr. Raghubir Kumar Patidar did his Post Graduate and Doctorate from Division of Nematology, IARI, New Delhi in the year of 2006, 2012 respectively in Nematology. At present, he is serving as Associate Professor, Nematology in the School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya. He is a life member of various societies viz. Society of Indian Science Congress, Society of Annals of plant Protection etc. He has published 14 research papers in national journal, 2 books, 10 book chapters, 16 articles in different magazines (English and Hindi), 02 Technical bulletins. Dr Patidar handled different projects funded by ICAR such as AICRP-Biocontrol and AICRP-Nematodes. He also has experience of establishing Integrated Beekeeping Development Centre (IBDC) in Arunachal Pradesh.
Dr. Pranab Dutta is a Associate Professor in Plant Pathology in the School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya. He served Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, KVK-West Tripura (Now Khowai), CMER&TI (CSB) etc. He completed MSc and PhD in Biological Control and Post Doctorate training at FERA, York, United Kingdom. He has been actively involved in teaching, research and extension for the last two decades. He has published 100 research papers, 45 research abstracts, 13 proceedings paper, 81 popular articles (English, Bangla and Assamese), 22 training manuals/hand books, 36 book chapters, 9 practical manuals /teaching aids, 13 books (Edited, authored or co-edited). He is the recipient of Best Plant Pathologist Awrad-2020 (ATDS), Outstanding Plant Pathologist Award for contribution in plant pathology through nanotechnology – 2021 (DISHA), fellow award of Society of Biocontrol Advancement (SBA)-2020, SBER-2020, Distinguished Scientist Award-2019, ICPP-2018 Bursary award (The American Phytopathological Society, USA), Young Scientist Award- 2018, Prof. K S. Bilgrami Award-2016, Stanford Research Award-2015, Bharat Siksha Ratan Award, DBT Overseas Associates (2012), meritorious contribution award in sericulture (CMER&TI, Central Silk Board, 2008) etc. Developed 10 bioformulations with native isolates, filled 5 patents and commercialized five bioformulation products. Pursued 16 externally funded project funded by DBT, DST, Osceola County, Florida, USA, (through CABI via University of Florida), PCIL, AYUSH, RKVY, BRNS, ICAR-NCIPM, Bayer Crop Sci etc. He is the life member of 10 professional societies and reviewer of 7 international and nationally reputed journals published by Elsevier, Springer etc. He is the Editor of Indian Phytopathology and Editor-In -Chief of Journal of Plant Health Issues. He has supervised 3 PhD and 11 MSc students as Major adviser and more than 100 students as member of advisory committee. His research area includes nanotechnology, biological control, ecotoxicology and plant defence.
Dr. Ramesh Chandra Shakywar obtained his post graduate in the year 2003, Doctorate from Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Faizabad-224229 (Uttar Pradesh) in the year 2009 in Plant Pathology. He is a life member of various societies viz. Indian Phytopathology Society, Society of Mycology and Plant Pathology and Society of Plant Disease Sciences. He has published 35 research papers in national journal, 50 articles in different magazines (English and Hindi), 04 Training Manuals, 03 Extension bulletins, 02 Technical bulletins and 02 policy papers. Presently, he is working as Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) (Plant Pathology & Microbiology), Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102 (Arunachal Pradesh) since 2010. Dr Shakywar handled different projects funded by ICAR, DAC & FW, Pesticides Company etc.
Dr. Mahesh Pathak obtained his Ph.D. in Plant Protection from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India in the year 2008. At present, he is serving as Professor Entomology in the School of Crop Protection, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University (Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya. He is Fellow member of Entomological Society of India, Society of Plant Protection Sciences and Applied Zoologist Research Association, life member of Indian Association of Hill Farming, Society of Extension Education and Society for Advancement of Agricultural Innovations. He also has experience of establishing Integrated Beekeeping Development Centre (IBDC) in Arunachal Pradesh. He had published more than 71 research papers in journal of scientific repute, 6 books and resource manuals, 32 book chapters, 16 technical bulletins and 127 popular articles. He is also actively involved in the research works on biocontrol based Integrated Pest Management.
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