Abstract

Aquaculture is an emerging sector that significantly contributes to the food security worldwide through its supply of sustainable protein sources. However, its development presents challenges, most prominently on the environmental and health front with synthetic additives, for instance, antibiotics and growth promoters. Researchers have investigated the use of natural alternatives like plant based extracts that are biodegradable and multi-functional without causing harm as by-products. Of these, Carica papaya (papaya) has been identified to hold a lot of promise due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant and growth-promoting effects. Papaya contains bioactive compounds like papain, phenolics and flavonoids that enhance digestion, improve growth performance and provide immune support in aquatic species. It is one of the plants that represent a major source of bioactive substances that are cheaper and non-toxic, compared to synthetic additives. The chapter discusses the potential of papaya extracts in aquaculture, emphasizing its advantages for improved immunity, growth promotion, sex reversal and environmental sustainability.