Abstract

Paddy-cum-fish farming is an integrated agricultural practice that combines rice cultivation and fish farming in the same fields, offering a sustainable solution to increase productivity and income, particularly in North East Regions like Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. This system benefits both rice and fish by creating a mutually supportive environment, where fish help control pests, reduce the need for chemical inputs and provide natural fertilizer, while rice field offer an ideal habitat for fish and is noted to enhance soil fertility, boost rice yields, lowers feed costs and provides additional income streams for farmers. However, challenges such as technical training, infrastructure development and overcoming cultural barriers must be addressed for widespread adoption. With the right support, paddy-cum-fish farming has the potential to improve food security, economic resilience and sustainability especially in rural communities. As climate change impacts agriculture, this practice offers a pathway to a more environmentally eco-friendly, profitable and resilient agricultural future.