Abstract

Aquaculture, a rapidly expanding global food industry, plays a key role in global food security and provides livelihoods for millions. However, its rapid expansion has raised significant environmental and social challenges, including overfishing, water pollution, habitat loss and climate change’s adverse effects. This chapter explores the significant contribution of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in promoting sustainable fisheries and aquaculture management, focusing on how they address these challenges while supporting the livelihoods of fishers. NGOs contribute through on-ground project implementation, policy advocacy and raising awareness. The chapter emphasizes the variety of NGOs working across the globe, including Greenpeace, the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and India’s Jaljeevika. Their efforts focus on promoting sustainable practices, safeguarding ecosystems, empowering local fishers and supporting research and innovation.